use of three-dimensional ultrasonography of the eye and measurement of optical long axis in dog

this study was conducted to determine the use of three-dimensional ultrasonography (3du) in ocular imaging of the dog and measuring of its optical axis. 12 healthy mixed-breed dogs including 6 males and 6 females were studied. 3du of the eyes were done using a 5–12 mhz linear trapezoid transducer. 3du of the eyes were evaluated and the normal optical long axis through a line between the cornea and the optic disc in three-dimensional images were measured. in 3d images, vitreous body, anterior chamber, and lens cortex and its nucleus had a distinct anechogenic to hypoechogenic pattern. details of the eyes compartments were better observed by rotating the images in all possible angles and planes using 3d facilities. anterior and posterior lens capsule and the optic disk were hyperechogenic. the mean ±  sd optical axis was 20.7 ± 0.9 mm in males and 26.3 ± 0.6 mm in females (p